# Document Updates

Documents in a search index are regular Redis keys.

When a key matches an index prefix, it is indexed automatically. When the key changes, the index is updated automatically.

<Note>
There is no separate update command for search. Use regular Redis write commands to change your data.
</Note>

Any command that modifies a matching key updates the index. For example, this includes commands such as:

- JSON commands such as `JSON.SET`, `JSON.MERGE`, ...
- Hash commands such as `HSET`, `HINCRBY`, ...
- String commands such as `SET`, `SETEX`, ...
- Generic commands such as `DEL`, `EXPIRE`, `PEXPIRE`, ...

This is not an exhaustive list. The rule is that if the command changes a key tracked by the index, the index is updated.

Index updates are batched for performance, so recent writes may not immediately appear in search results.
Use [`SEARCH.WAITINDEXING`](/redis/search/index-management#waiting-for-indexing) when you need to ensure queries reflect recent changes.

## JSON Documents

For JSON indexes, any JSON command that modifies a matching key updates the indexed document.

<Tabs>

<Tab title="TypeScript">
```ts
import { Redis } from "@upstash/redis";

const redis = Redis.fromEnv();
const products = redis.search.index({ name: "products" });

await redis.json.set("product:1", "$.price", 79.99);

await products.waitIndexing();

const discounted = await products.query({
  filter: { price: { $lt: 90 } },
});
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Python">
```python
from upstash_redis import Redis

redis = Redis.from_env()
products = redis.search.index(name="products")

redis.json.set("product:1", "$.price", 79.99)

products.wait_indexing()

discounted = products.query(filter={"price": {"$lt": 90}})
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Redis CLI">
```bash
JSON.SET product:1 $.price 79.99

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING products
SEARCH.QUERY products '{"price":{"$lt":90}}'
```
</Tab>

</Tabs>

## Hash Documents

For hash indexes, any hash command that modifies a matching key updates the indexed document.

<Tabs>

<Tab title="TypeScript">
```ts
const articles = redis.search.index({ name: "articles" });

await redis.hset("article:1", {
  status: "published",
  views: 125,
});

await articles.waitIndexing();

const published = await articles.query({
  filter: { status: "published" },
});
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Python">
```python
articles = redis.search.index(name="articles")

redis.hset("article:1", values={
    "status": "published",
    "views": 125,
})

articles.wait_indexing()

published = articles.query(filter={"status": "published"})
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Redis CLI">
```bash
HSET article:1 status published views 125

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING articles
SEARCH.QUERY articles '{"status":"published"}'
```
</Tab>

</Tabs>

## String Documents

For string indexes, indexed keys must contain valid JSON strings.
Any command that replaces or modifies the matching string key updates the indexed document.

<Tabs>

<Tab title="TypeScript">
```ts
const notes = redis.search.index({ name: "notes" });

await redis.set("note:1", {
  title: "Release checklist",
  status: "done",
});

await notes.waitIndexing();

const done = await notes.query({
  filter: { status: "done" },
});
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Python">
```python
notes = redis.search.index(name="notes")

redis.set("note:1", '{"title":"Release checklist","status":"done"}')

notes.wait_indexing()

done = notes.query(filter={"status": "done"})
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Redis CLI">
```bash
SET note:1 '{"title":"Release checklist","status":"done"}'

SEARCH.WAITINDEXING notes
SEARCH.QUERY notes '{"status":"done"}'
```
</Tab>

</Tabs>

## Deletes

Deleting a matching key removes the document from the index.

<Tabs>

<Tab title="TypeScript">
```ts
await redis.del("product:1");
await products.waitIndexing();
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Python">
```python
redis.delete("product:1")
products.wait_indexing()
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Redis CLI">
```bash
DEL product:1
SEARCH.WAITINDEXING products
```
</Tab>

</Tabs>

## Expiration

When a matching key expires, Upstash Redis Search removes the expired document from the index.

<Tabs>

<Tab title="TypeScript">
```ts
await redis.expire("product:flash-sale", 3600);
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Python">
```python
redis.expire("product:flash-sale", 3600)
```
</Tab>

<Tab title="Redis CLI">
```bash
EXPIRE product:flash-sale 3600
```
</Tab>

</Tabs>

## Eviction

When an indexed key is evicted, Upstash Redis Search removes the document from the index. Once the Redis key is gone,
it no longer appears in search results.